St. Valentines Day (February, 14th) | День святого Валентина (14 февраля) |
| St. Valentine"s Day is neither a national holiday nor especially
religious, despite the fact that it is named in honour of two early
Christian martyrs named Valentine. Still, it is hard to imagine the
American holiday calendar without the heartfelt expressions of love
exchanged on that day between sweethearts, good friends, acquaintances,
and even spouses of many years. Whatever the appropriate sentiment and
regardless of reciprocation, people take the time and trouble (and card,
flower, perfume, and candy merchants help them!) to send a message to
those people in the focus of their attention. Robert Burns sang his beloved "My Love is like a red, red rose," and to this day red roses are appropriate for that one special love. However, yellow roses are also popular on that day as a sign of friendship, and forget-me-nots always make sense. | День Святого Валентина не является ни национальным праздником, ни
религиозным, несмотря на то, что он назван в честь двух христианских
мучеников с именем Валентин. Однако было бы трудно представить
американский календарь без этого праздника полного любви и признаний,
которыми обмениваются влюбленные, друзья, знакомые и супруги с большим
стажем жизни. Не важно, какие чувства мы испытываем и взаимно ли это, мы
тратим время и старания (а продавцы открыток, цветов, духов и конфет
помогают нам в этом!), чтобы послать подарок человеку, находящемуся в
центре нашего внимания. Роберт Берне пел своей возлюбленной «My Love is
like a red, red rose», («Любовь, как роза красная...») поэтому в этот
праздник все дарят красные розы, символизирующие ту единственную любовь.
Однако желтые розы тоже не остаются без внимания, они являются символом
дружбы, в этот день также дарят незабудки. |
| Flowers or anonymous messages from someone shy or tender-hearted may be
signed simply "from a secret admirer," in the relative certainty that
the person receiving them can easily guess who the sender is. Whatever the reasons, Americans of all ages love to send and receive valentines and to hear and sing the thousands of new and traditional love songs, which flood television and radio programs on that day. Songs like "You are my Sunshine", "My Love", "More", "I"ll Have to Say I Love You in a Song", and countless others boom out to reach the ears of a public which has tacitly agreed to be romantic, at least for a day. | Цветы и анонимные послания от робкого или чувствительного человека можно
просто подписать как «от тайного поклонника», будучи относительно
уверенным, что человек, которому их дарят, знает от кого они. Как бы там ни было, американцы всех возрастов любят посылать и получать «валентинки», а также слушать и петь тысячи новых и старых песен о любви, которые сейчас просто наводнили радио и телевидение. Такие песни как: «You are ту Sunshine», «My Love», «More», «I"ll Have to Say I Love You in a Song» и другие бесчисленные хиты появляются, чтобы достичь ушей миллионов слушателей, которые молча согласились стать романтиками, по крайней мере, на один день. |
| In the days leading up to Valentine"s Day, school children typically
make valentines for their teachers and classmates and put them in a
large decorated mailbox. When the big day arrives, the teacher opens the
box and distributes the valentines into eager hands. As the students
excitedly read their messages, refreshments are prepared, and then they
have a small party. Honestly speaking, with so much excitement and emotion in the air, few Americans have taken the time to find out much about the origins of St Valentine"s Day. The celebration dates back to the ancient Roman festival called "Lupercalia" which took place on February 14th or 15th in honour of Juno, the Roman Goddess of women, and Pan, the god of nature. On that day a curious courting ritual was played out in which young men randomly drew love messages written and decorated by young women. Thus, "matched by fate," the two would be partners at the upcoming festival. This echoes the old folk tradition that the birds choose their mates on this day as well. | За несколько дней до Дня Валентина, школьники обычно делают «валентинки»
для своих учителей и одноклассников и кладут их в большой украшенный
почтовый ящик. В день праздника, учитель достает из ящика «валентинки» и
раздает их жаждущим ученикам. Пока школьники взволнованно читают свои
послания, готовятся закуски, а затем устраивается небольшая вечеринка. Честно говоря, при таком накале страстей и параде эмоций в этот день, мало кто из американцев пытался узнать больше о происхождении праздника. Праздник произошел от древнероманского празднества под названием «Lupercalia», отмечавшегося 14-15 февраля в честь Юноны, римской богини, покровительницы женщин и Пана, бога природы. В этот день проводился ритуал ухаживания, при котором молодые люди выбирали наугад и читали послания, написанные и украшенные разными девушками. Таким образом, двое, избранные судьбой, становилась партнерами на время празднества. Это перекликается со старой народной традицией, что птицы в этот день тоже выбирают себе пары. |
| But merely imitating what the birds do could hardly justify the
continuation and spread of this Roman custom throughout Christian Europe
in the Middle Ages. It needed the sanction of the church and authority
of some martyred saint. And two likely candidates were soon found. The
first Valentine was a Christian priest who was imprisoned and executed
in the third century for spreading the teachings of Christ. On February
14, he was beheaded, but before he managed to heal the jailer"s blind
daughter and write her a farewell letter, which he signed "From Your
Valentine." The second Valentine was an Italian bishop who lived at
about the same time and was imprisoned for secretly marrying couples,
contrary to the laws of the Roman emperor. Legend has it that he was
burned at the stake. The lives and deeds of these two men certainly fit
in well with the theme needed to keep February 14th in the holiday
calendar. | Но, подражанием действиям птиц тяжело оправдать продолжение и
распространение этого римского обычая по христианской Европе в средние
века. Для этого нужно было разрешение церкви и авторитет какого-то
святого мученика. И скоро были найдены два кандидата, преданные
мученической смерти. Первый, Валентин, христианский священник, был
заключен в тюрьму, а затем казнен, в третьем веке, за распространение
учения Христа. 14 февраля он был обезглавлен, но перед смертью он успел
исцелить слепую дочь тюремщика, и написал ей прощальное письмо, которое
подписал: «От Вашего Валентина». Другим Валентином был итальянский
епископ, который жил приблизительно в то же время и сидел в тюрьме за
то, сочетал пары тайным браком, что перечило законам римского
императора. Легенда гласит, что его сожгли на костре. Жизнь и смерть
этих двух людей очень подходили для того, чтобы день 14 февраля
оставался календарным праздником. |
| Among all the red hearts, birds, love letters, candies, chocolates and kisses which comprise valentine symbolism and realia, Cupid or Eros is the unquestioned favourite in personifying the spirit of the day. According to Greek (and later Roman) tradition, Cupid was the eternally child-like son of Venus, the goddess of love. Although he remained a baby, he could fly and was equipped with a tiny bow and countless golden arrows forged for him by the god of fire Vulcan. His mother gave the arrows special power, and that is why if Cupid shot you with his arrow, you would fall in love with the first person you met | Среди красных сердец, птиц, любовных писем, конфет, шоколада и поцелуев,
которые являются частью символики и реалий «Валентинок», Купидон или
Эрос, бесспорно, является главным символом, олицетворяющим дух этого
праздника. Судя по греческой (а затем римской) традиции, Купидон был
вечным ребенком — сыном Венеры, богини любви. Хотя он и был ребенком, он
мог летать и у него был крошечный лук и многочисленные стрелы,
выкованные для него из золота богом огня, Вулканом. Мать наделила стрелы
особой силой, и если Купидон попадет в вас одной из них, вы влюбитесь в
первого встречного. |
| Many teenagers and adults today send in messages to major newspapers
throughout the country which, for a small fee, print anyone"s valentine
message in a special section of the February 14th issue, whether it be
addressed to a wished for sweetheart, secret lover, or to a friend and
companion of many years. | Сегодня, многие подростки и взрослые посылают свои послания в крупные
газеты страны, которые, за небольшую плату, печатают их в специальном
разделе, посвященном 14 февраля, независимо от того, адресуется ли оно
любимому человеку, тайному любовнику, другу или компаньону, которого вы
знаете уже много лет. |
Vocabulary
spouse — супруг(а), супружеская пара
reciprocation —ответное действие,взаимный обмен
forget-me-not — незабудка
appropriate [∂"pr∂upnit] — подходящий
sign — знак
to make sense — иметь смысл
tacitly ["tæsitli] — молчаливо, без слов
refreshments — закуски
origin ["oridзin] — происхождение, источник
to court — ухаживать, соблазнять
randomly — наугад
to draw (drew, drawn) — тащить
mate — самец, самка (у птиц); супруг(а)
martyred ["ma:t∂d] — преданный мученической смерти
priest — священник
to heal — исцелять, излечивать
bishop — эпископ
stake — столб, кол, столб, к которому привязывали присужденного к
сожжению, перен., с определенным артиклем смерть на костре, сожжение
заживо
to comprise — содержать, вмещать, входить
bow [Ь∂u] — лук
arrow — стрела
to forge — ковать
fee — плата
issue ["i∫u:] — выпуск
Questions
1. Is St. Valentines Day a national holiday or especially religious?
2. How is St. Valentine s Day usually celebrated?
3. What flowers are the most popular?
4. How are the messages signed?
5. How do school children mark this day?
6. What are the origins of St. Valentine"s Day?
7. What are the symbols of this day?
Здесь вы можете найти статью на английском: St. Valentine"s day/ День святого Валентина/ праздник, история.
St. Valentine"s Day falls on February 14, and is the traditional day on which lovers in certain cultures let each other know about their love, commonly by sending Valentine"s cards, which are often anonymous. The history of Valentine"s day can be traced back to an obscure Catholic Church feast day, said to be in honor of Saint Valentine. The day"s associations with romantic love arrived after the High Middle Ages, during which the concept of romantic love was formulated.
The day is now most closely associated with the mutual exchange of love notes in the form of "valentines." Modern Valentine symbols include the heart-shaped outline and the figure of the winged Cupid. Since the 19th century, the practice of hand writing notes has largely given way to the exchange of mass-produced greeting cards. The Greeting Card Association estimates that, world-wide, approximately one billion valentine cards are sent each year, making the day the second largest card-sending holiday of the year behind Christmas. The association also estimates that women purchase approximately 85 percent of all valentines.
History of Valentine"s Day
February fertility festivals
The association of the middle of February with love and fertility dates to ancient times. In the calendar of Ancient Athens, the period between mid January and mid February was the month of Gamelion, which was dedicated to the sacred marriage of Zeus and Hera.
In Ancient Rome, the day of February 15 was Lupercalia, the festival of Lupercus, the god of fertility, who was represented as half-naked and dressed in goat skins. As part of the purification ritual, the priests of Lupercus would sacrifice goats to the god, and after drinking wine, they would run through the streets of Rome holding pieces of the goat skin above their heads, touching anyone they met. Young women especially would come forth voluntarily for the occasion, in the belief that being so touched would render them fruitful and bring easy childbirth.
According to the Catholic Encyclopedia (1908), at least three different Saints Valentine, all of them martyrs and all quite obscure, are mentioned in the early martyrologies under the date of February 14:
a priest in Rome who suffered martyrdom in the second half of the 3rd century and was buried on the Via Flaminia.
a bishop of Interamna (modern Terni) also suffered martyrdom in the second half of the 3rd century and was also buried on the Via Flaminia, but in a different location than the priest.
a martyr in North Africa, about whom little else is known.
The connection between St. Valentine and romantic love is not mentioned in any early histories and is regarded by secular historians as purely a matter of legend (see below). The feast of St. Valentine was first declared to be on February 14 by Pope Gelasius I in 496. There is a widespread legend that he created the day to counter the practice held on Lupercalia of young men and women pairing off as lovers by drawing their names out of an urn, but this practice is not attested in any sources from that era.
In the 19th century, relics of St. Valentine were donated by Pope Gregory XVI to the Whitefriar Street Carmelite Church in Dublin, Ireland, which has become a popular place of pilgrimage on February 14.
In 1969, as part of a larger effort to pare down the number of saint days of purely legendary origin, the Church removed St. Valentine"s Day as an official holiday from its calendar.
The influential Gnostic teacher Valentinius was a candidate for Bishop of Rome in 143. In his teachings, the marriage bed assumed a central place in his version of Christian love, an emphasis sharply in contrast with the asceticism of mainstream Christianity. Stephan A. Hoeller assesses Valentinius on the subject: "In addition to baptism, anointing, eucharist, the initiation of priests and the rites of the dying, the Valentinian Gnosis mentions prominently two great and mysterious sacraments called "redemption" (apolytrosis) and "bridal chamber" respectively".
Medieval era
Swedish calendar showing St Valentine"s Day 14 February 1712
The first recorded association of St. Valentine"s Day with romantic love was in the 14th century in England and France, where February 14 was traditionally the day on which birds paired off to mate. This belief is mentioned in Geoffrey Chaucer"s Parlement of Foules (1381)
It was common during that era for lovers to exchange notes on this day and to call each other their "Valentines". A 14th century valentine is said to be in the collection of the British Library. It is probable that many of the legends about St. Valentine were invented during this period. Among the legends are ones that assert that:
On the evening before St. Valentine was to be martyred for being a Christian, he passed a love note to his jailer"s daughter which read, "From Your Valentine."
During a ban on marriages of Roman soldiers by the Emperor Claudius II, St. Valentine secretly helped arrange marriages.
In most versions of these legends, February 14 is the date associated with his martyrdom.
Valentine"s Day in the USA
Valentine"s Day was probably imported into North America in the 19th century with settlers from Britain. In the United States, the first mass-produced valentines of embossed paper lace were produced and sold shortly after 1847 by Esther Howland (1828 – 1904) of Worcester, Massachusetts. Her father operated a large book and stationery store, and she took her inspiration from an English valentine she had received. (Since 2001, the Greeting Card Association has been giving an annual "Esther Howland Award for a Greeting Card Visionary".)
In the United States in the second half of the 20th century, the practice of exchanging cards was extended to include the giving of all manner of gifts, usually from a man to a woman. Such gifts typically include roses and chocolates. Starting in the 1980s, the diamond industry began to promote Valentine"s Day as an occasion for giving fine jewelry.
In 1929 due to tensions between gangs in Chicago, members of a gang led by Al Capone killed several members of Bugs Moran"s gang in what became known as the Saint Valentine"s Day Massacre.
The day has come to be associated with a generic platonic greeting of "Happy Valentine"s Day."
Those without a significant other often speak with sarcasm by referring to Valentine"s Day as "Singles" Awareness Day".
Valentine"s Day in Other Cultures
In Japan and Korea, Valentine"s Day has emerged, thanks to a concentrated marketing effort, as a day on which women give candy to men they like. Rather than being voluntary however, this has become for many women – especially those who work in offices – an obligation, and they give chocolates to all their male co-workers, sometimes at significant personal expense. This chocolate is known as giri-choco, in Japan, from the words giri (obligation) and choco, a common short version of chokoreto, meaning chocolate.
By a further marketing effort, a reciprocal day, called White Day has emerged. On this day (March 14), men are supposed to return the favour by giving something to those who gave them chocolates on Valentine"s Day. Many men, however, give only to their girlfriends. Originally the return gift was supposed to be white chocolate or marshmallows (hence the name "White Day"). However, more recently men have taken the name to a different meaning, thus lingerie is quite a common gift.
In Korea, there is also an additional Black Day, held on April 14, when males who did not receive anything for Valentine"s Day gather together to eat Jajangmyun (Chinese-style noodles in black sauce).
In Chinese Culture, there is a similar counterpart of the Valentine"s Day. It is called "The Night of Sevens", on the 7th day of the 7th month of the lunar calendar; the last one being August 11, 2005 . (A slightly different version of this day is celebrated in Japan as Tanabata, on July 7th (the same day, but transcribed to the solar calendar)).
In Persian Culture (Iran) this popular date is discreetly celebrated by most lovers despite the disapproval of such occasion by the hardline slamic government as a copycat of the west, but Persian youths and adults manage to celebrate following the traditions of the west disregarding the unfair limitations and restrictions imposed by the government.
In Brazil, there is no such day as Valentine"s Day. Instead, on June 12, "Dia dos Namorados" (lit. "Day of the enamored", or "Boyfriend"s/Girlfriend"s Day") is celebrated. On this day, boyfriends and girlfriends, husbands and wives, exchange gifts (lingerie, chocolates, and more), cards and usually a flower bouquet. This day is chosen probably because it is one day before the Saint Anthony"s day, there known as the marriage saint, when many single women perform popular rituals in order to find a good husband (or, more modernly at least a boyfriend).
St.Valentine"s Day is celebrated on February 14 in Europe and in the USA. Traditionaly lovers express their love to each other by sending Valentine"s cards. People usually give each other sweets and flowers.
True/False 1. Lovers exchange of romantic cards (valentines), flowers, and other gifts. 2. St. Valentine is believed to have been a Roman priest. 3. St. Valentine was imprisoned for performing weddings for soldiers who were forbidden to marry. 4. «Be my Valentine» means «be my love».
Legends about St.Valentine: Valentine lived in the time of Roman Empire. It is unsure who St. Valentine was, but there are several possible candidates. One of these Valentines is believed to have been a Roman priest and he married young couples against the law. The Emporior of Rome believed that unmarried soldiers were better warriors, but Valentine helped lovers. He was put into prison by roman authorities for his actions and was beheaded on February 14 in the third century A. D. According to the legend he performed a miracle -he cured the blindness of his jailer"s daughter. Before the execution, he wrote her a letter signed «From Your Valentine».
Questions: Thin questions Who is Valentine? What did he do ? When did he live ? Where do people celebrate St.Valentines Day ? Thick questions Why do people celebrate St.Valentines Day? Explain why do people show their love like that only 1 time a year ? What is the most important idea of St. Valentine"s Day celebration? What is the difference between celebration of this holiday in Europe and in Russia ?
Proverbs about love in English language: 1.Love and a cough cannot be hidden. 2.Alls fair in love and war. 3.Better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all. 4.Love is blind. a.Лучше любить и потерять, чем не любить никогда. b.В любви и на войне все средства хороши. c.Любовь слепа. d.Любовь и кашель не утаишь.
Один из самых любимых праздников у влюбленных — это, конечно, день Святого Валентина. В последнее время данный праздник стал популярным в России. 14 февраля теперь считается романтическим праздником для всех влюблённых.
Как же будет День Святого Валентина на английском? Написание следующее: St. Valetine’s Day , или просто Valentive’s Day . Также еще говорят — Happy Valentine’s Day — счастливого дня Валентина.
Ниже я расскажу, как поздравить человека, в которого вы влюблены, в день Святого Валентина.
Что касается истории праздника, то она следующая — итальянский мученик святой Валентин тайно венчал влюбленных, которые к нему обращались, по христианскому обряду, за что был убит властями, поскольку христианство было под запретом.
Так святой Валентин стал символом для всех всех влюбленных — это день подарков, красивых открыток в виде сердца. Также в этот день устраиваются романтические свидания.
Из статьи вы узнаете:
Словарь — полезные слова и фразы для поздравлений в день Св. Валентина
Ниже приведем словарь, который поможет вам составить короткое любовное послание на английском языке.
- Valentine’s Day — День святого Валентина — отмечается 14 февраля.
- love — приязнь, симпатия, любовь
- heart — сердце
- chocolate — шоколад
- present — подарок
- valentine — валентинка, шутливое влюбленное послание
- cupid — купидон
- hug — крепко обнимать
- propose — предложение
- romantic — романтичный
- flowers — цветы
- gift — подарок
- jewellery — ювелирные украшения
- date — свидание
- to fall in love — влюбиться
- loving couple — влюбленная пара
Поздравления с Днем Святого Валентина на английском с переводом
В этот день, как уже говорилось, влюбленные и не только дарят друг друга небольшие открытки — валентинки. При этом внутри валентинки пишется приятная фраза.
Be My Valentine Love! — Будь моей валентинкой!
Won’t You Be My Valentine! — Будь моей валентинкой!
Wishing You To Be My Valentine! — Хочу, чтобы ты была моей валентинкой!
You Are In My Thoughts… — Постоянно думаю о тебе…
Will U Be My Valentine? — Будешь моей валентинкой?
You Are My Life. — Ты моя жизнь
I Love You. — Я тебя люблю
Baby, Be My Valentine — Детка, будь моей валентинкой!
You Are My Everything. — Ты для меня весь мир!
Take A Chance On Me, Valentine! — Дай мне шанс!
You Are Hot! — Ты такая жаркая штучка!
My Heart Leads Me To You… — Тянет к тебе всем сердцем!
You Warm My Heart. — С тобой всегда теплее
Let Me Be Your Valentine! — Позволь мне быть твоим валентином!
With Love For My Best Friend. — Лучшему другу / подруге с любовью!
Here is the key to my heart, Valentine! — Дарю тебе ключ от своего сердца!
Happy Valentine’s Day. — Счастливого Дня св. Валентина!
Be Mine. — Будь моей…
Текст на английском о дне Святого Валентина на английском
St Valentine’s Day comes on February 14. It is not a legal or national holiday. Banks and offices are not closed, but it is a happy little festival for young people.
It is widely celebrated among people of all ages by exchange of “valentines”. A “valentine” may mean a special greeting-card or a little present. The day is the time to send little gifts to those you love.
Valentine’s Day is the second largest card-sending holiday of the year (after Christmas).
Approximately 85 percent of all valentines are purchased by women.
Nowadays Valentine’s Day is celebrated in many countries of the world on February 14. It is a day on which lovers express their love for each other by presenting flowers, offering confectionery, and sending greeting cards (known as “valentines”). Modern Valentine’s Day symbols include the heart-shaped outline, doves, and the figure of the winged Cupid.
Перевод на русский язык
День святого Валентина отмечается 14 февраля. Это не национальный и не государственный праздник. Банки и офисы не закрываются в этот день, но это весёлый праздник молодых людей.
День Валентина - второй праздник в году по количеству рассылаемых открыток (после Рождества).
Около 85% всех «валентинок» покупают женщины.
Этот день широко отмечается среди людей всех возрастов — они обмениваются «Валентинками». «Валентинка» — это специальная открытка или маленький подарок. В этот день принято посылать маленькие подарки тем, кого вы любите. Цветы и конфеты — любимые подарки, которые возлюбленные отправляют друг другу. Конфеты упакованы в коробки красного цвета в форме сердца и в этот день они продаются повсеместно.
В наши дни День Святого Валентина во многих странах мира отмечают 14 февраля. Это день, когда влюбленные говорят свою любовь друг к другу, даря цветы, кондитерские изделия и отправляя открытки (которые называются «валентинками»). К современным символам Дня Валентина относятся: открытка в форме сердца, голубки, розы и фигура крылатого Купидона.
Видео — поздравления с Днем Святого Валентина — St. Valentine’s Day на английском
Красивая музыка, красивые слова, по этому видео вы можете написать признание любимому человеку или тому, кто вам нравится — смотрите и наслаждайтесь! Будьте счастливы, романтичны и любимы!
